Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) analysis is used to characterize coal samples and fly ash. The computer-controlled scanning microscope is programmed to locate then determine the size, composition, and abundance of particles. Because the analysis is automated, a large number of particles can be analyzed quickly and consistently. Information derived from the CCSEM technique is used in conjunction with basic coal analyses, including ultimate and ash composition analyses, to predict performance in various systems.
In addition, CCSEM data provides quantitative information concerning not only the chemical composition of the mineral types present, but their abundance, size, and shape as well. Since the same analysis can be performed on the initial coal and reluctant fly ash, direct comparisons can be made and inorganic transformations inferred. The information is used as input to advanced indices and models to predict fly ash characteristics, ash deposition properties, slag flow behavior in cyclone-fired boilers, and erosion/abrasion potential of the coal ash.
CCSEM is one of the most useful and powerful tools for predicting fuel
behavior and diagnosing ash-deposition problems.